A Pilot Study of Significant Environmental Aspects Analysis on Coastal Fishing Port ‘Pondokdadap’ Malang Indonesia

This research aimed to analyze significant environmental aspects of Coastal Fishing Port (PPP) Pondokdadap, Malang, East Java. The significant environmental aspect analysis was undertaken as an initial step in implementing the EcoFishing Port concept or managing an environmentally sound fishing port. The analysis was undertaken using the Strategic Overview of Significant Environmental Aspects (SOSEA) method. This method is a method of Ecoports Foundation in identifying the impacts of port management, tailored to the conditions and activities of fishing ports. Based on the results of calculation and analysis of the environmental impact factors with the value range of 1-10, there were 5 (five) significant environmental aspects obtained in the management of PPP Pondokdadap, namely: waste production (7.3); employment absorption (7.0); water pollution (6.8); ship waste production (6.6); and liquid waste (wastewater) production (6.0). In broad outline, significant environmental aspects occur because the prevailing policy and regulation have not been implemented and undertaken in the environmental management activities in PPP Pondokdadap, excluding the aspect of employment absorption occurring within 3-4 months due to natural factors, i.e. non-fish season. Significant environmental aspect management that must be done by the managers of PPP Pondokdadap to realize the Eco-Fishing Port concept implementation include the fulfillment of facility and infrastructure standards according to the prevailing rules, regulation implementation and discipline enforcement, coaching and socialization, continuous environmental aspect monitoring, and procedural preparation of significant environmental aspect management.


INTRODUCTION 1
Fishing ports are one type of ports with fishery activities and government activities [1]. Regarding fishery activities, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries asserted that there must be food security guarantees along the ongoing production chain in improving the quality of fishery products [2]. In addition, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries is responsible for organizing and developing the management of fishing ports, including the aspects of waste, the quality of water, air and land, sedimentation management, landfill, noise, and pollution [3]. The security guarantees and management development of fishing ports can be pursued by managing the ecological aspects of fishing port or also called as environmentally sound fishing port management (Eco-Fishing Port) [4]. The concept of Eco-Fishing Port has *Correspondence address: Agus Dwiyanto Email: agus2yanto@student.ub.ac.id Address: Master Program of Environmental Resources Management and Development, Brawijaya University become a requirement in a fishing port development strategy to support fishery products so as to meet the quality standards [5]. The management of fishing ports with the Eco-Fishing Port concept is necessary because the activities at fishing ports potentially create negative pressure or influence on the surrounding environment. This is because the increase in the number of production and ships in fishing ports will be directly proportional to the increased potential of waste generated from both land and sea activities [6]. In addition to the implementation of the concept of Eco-Fishing Port, the government and public awareness have an important role in the management of environmentally friendly fishing ports to overcome environmental problems [7]. In the management of fishing ports with the Eco-Fishing Port concept, the first step taken is implementing a significant environmental aspect analysis, according to the procedures of Ecoports Foundation. This analysis is done using the Strategic Overview of Significant Environmental Aspects (SOSEA) designed to help port managers in identifying significant environmental aspects and determining environmental management priorities [8].
One of the fishing ports with a high potential of tuna production in East Java is Coastal Fishing Port (PPP) Pondokdadap [9]. However, activities in PPP Pondokdadap is very susceptible to environmental pollution mainly caused by solid and liquid waste that can affect water quality, air quality, and environmental hygiene or cleanliness [10]. The uniqueness of waters area condition around PPP Pondokdadap also becomes a big concern. This is related to the existence of Sempu Island in the east of the port with a nature reverse status and becomes a conservation area for coral reefs influenced strongly by the water condition aspect [11].
Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that the management of PPP Pondokdadap requires monitoring and handling of the activities in the port that potentially impact the environmental aspects. Moreover, the analysis of significant environmental aspects of PPP Pondokdadap is an initial step of fishing port management with the concept of Eco-Fishing Port. The purpose of this research was to analyze significant environmental aspects of PPP Pondokdadap to be used by the Port Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) in determining fishing port management priorities.

RESEARCH METHOD
The research on the analysis of significant environmental aspects of PPP Pondokdadap Malang used a quantitative approach. This research was conducted from January to April 2018. The data related to the environmental activities, impacts, and aspects of the fishing port were collected using a literature and survey research method. In determining the significant environmental aspects and management of the port, this research used the SOSEA matrix and questionnaire forms established by Ecoport Foundation which were then adjusted to the condition of fishing ports in Indonesia. The SOSEA matrix and questionnaire standards of Ecoports Foundation used in this research derived from Darbra (2005), consisting of three parts of the analysis, namely: 1) Significant environmental aspect identification using a matrix of relationship between port activities and the impacts resulted, 2) Strategic and specific questions on significant environmental aspects of fishing ports, and 3) Strategic aspect overview.
The fulfillment of the SOSEA matrix and questionnaires was addressed to the managers of PPP Pondokdadap through interviews and data comparison of literature and survey results. The questionnaire fulfillment and interviews were only conducted by the respondents who were directly engaged in the management of the fishing port environment.

Research site
The

Identification of PPP Pondokdadap's Significant Environmental Aspects
The identification of the significant environmental aspects used a matrix of the relationship between activities in the fishing port and the impacts resulted on the environmental aspects of the fishing port. The fishing port activities were divided into two, namely: 1) activities of PPP Pondokdadap managers and 2) activities of PPP Pondokdadap users (fishermen, traders, tourists, businessmen, and others). As for the environmental aspects, it was divided into three, namely ecological, social and economic aspects. The scale of the frequency and environmental impact factors used were based on Edwards (2004). The final results of the matrix were the average values of the port activity impacts on the environmental aspects. The environmental aspects discussed in this research were only those that had a significant magnitude of environmental impacts, indicated by the average environmental impact value > 3 (including high and very high environmental impacts) [12].

Management of PPP Pondokdadap's Significant Environmental Aspects
The management matrix preparation of PPP Pondokdadap's significant environmental aspects aimed to analyze the management of significant environmental aspects occurring and its impacts on the fishing port. From this condition, activity or action planning was undertaken by UPT P2SKP Pondokdadap to address and manage the existing significant environmental aspects.

Strategic Description of Interest Levels of PPP Pondokdadap's Significant Environmental Aspects
This strategic description provides a summary to reinforce the significant environmental aspects with the interest levels of UPT P2SKP Pondokdadap in overcoming the impacts on the significant environmental aspects.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the preparation and filling of fishing port activity matrix with environmental aspects through data and questionnaires using the SOSEA method, the researchers identified the environmental aspects based on the activity frequency value and the magnitude of impacts resulted. According to the analysis and identification results of PPP Pondokdadap's significant environmental aspects (with the impact value > 3), there were 5 (five) significant environmental aspects obtained in the port, covering 1) waste production of 7.3 (high impact), 2) labor absorption of 7.0 (high impact), 3) water pollution of 6.8 (high impact), 4) ship waste production of 6.6 (high impact) and 5) liquid waste production of 6.0 (high impact). The detail matrix information is presented in Table 1.
To know the environmental management conducted by UPT P2SKP Pondokdadap towards the significant environmental aspects, the researchers also carried out an analysis on the impacts and the management action plans. Strategic and specific questions on the significant environmental aspects of the fishing port would determine the causes, prevailing regulations, obstacles, planned actions, real actions, support and interest levels in the management of PPP Pondokdadap's significant environmental aspects in accordance with the SOSEA procedure, which is further explained in the following Table 2-5.   From the research results presented in Table  1-4 above, the discussion on significant environmental aspects of PPP Pondokdadap is divided into 3 (three) aspects based on the similarity of impacting activities, covering the aspects of 1) waste production, 2) employment absorption, and 3) water pollution, ship waste production and liquid waste production.

Waste Production Aspect
Based on the analysis of the matrix of environmental aspect and activity matrix, it can be obtained that waste production in PPP Pondokdadap is generated from several activities in the port such as loading and unloading, fish marketing and distribution, ship supply, ship maintenance, trade, processing industries, mooring and anchoring, and tourism. The land and sea activities at the fishing port potentially generate garbage and waste potential. These activities may come from offices, ship repairs, shops, stores, industries, loading and unloading at sea, and other sea activities resulting waste and wastewater residual such as fuel and lubricant spills [4].
Based on the field observation, uncontrolled waste conditions in PPP Pondokdadap is often located in the dock area, fish markets, and around Fish Auction Place (TPI). The uncontrolled waste conditions are due to the low awareness of the port users (fishermen, traders, tourists) in taking actions towards the production of garbage and waste, as well as the lack of waste disposals either in terms of quantity and spread location. Another factor causing such conditions occurred is the difference in hygiene or cleanliness conditions of PPP Pondokdadap in the non-fish season and fish season. It is reflected by the relative clean condition in the dock area at the non-fish season turning to be dirty and full of waste at the fish season. Of course, these conditions resulted in big waste problems, including the high rate of waste production, lack of public awareness, people's littering behavior, lack of knowledge of waste and its impacts, and inadequate hygiene public facilities that are easily accessible by people [13]. Based on the above conditions, the main thing in environmental problems is the intention of PPP Pondokdadap in managing waste seriously. Because a significant indicator of waste management is intention with variable types of waste, influence and economic benefits of waste. This intention must be implemented starting from the concept, policy and continuous implementation of waste management [14].
Furthermore, socialization activities on waste management have not been routinely conducted although an activity of 'Declaration to Stop Disposing of Waste to the Sea' was made in May 2017 followed by fishermen and communities around the port. Efforts to raise public awareness to maintain coastal and marine hygiene need to be continuously carried out to preserve the coastal and marine resources from damage caused by human activities, one of which is waste [15]. In addition to socialization activities, PPP Pondokdadap should also improve the activities of maintaining hygiene (cleanliness) and orderliness throughout the port operational areas, and take efforts to reduce, sort, and manage waste.

Employment Absorption Aspect
Data on the employment absorption aspect in PPP Pondokdadap (2017) suggest that during January -April (non-fish season), there was no ship operating and fish production. This indicates that during the period, the people taking the port as their job field or income source experienced a vacuum of activities or being unproductive temporarily. Based on the data of the number of job types in PPP Pondokdadap as presented in Table 5, it can be seen that within the 4 (four) months, there were 4,511 people losing their livelihood or experiencing a decrease in their income. To minimize the impact resulted from the lack of people productivity at non-fish seasons, PPP Pondokdadap has developed the port area as an interconnected tourism area, including the planned development of the port tourism area, educational activities, fishing tourism, processing industries, craft/ souvenir development, and other tourism activities involving the local community. This tourism area development will support ecotourism activities that have developed around the port. This has a positive impact on the economic, social and environmental indicators of PPP Pondokdadap, because ecotourism prioritizes indigenous peoples in ecosystem management and services [16]. These activities are expected to support the productivity sustainability of the people around the port and decrease the people's income difference earned in the non-fish season and fishseason. These activities are also in line with the Regulation of East Java Province Number 3 of 2016 on Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen, stating that the Provincial Government shall organize protection and empowerment of fishermen in a planned, directed and sustainable manner to realize the welfare of the community [17].

Water Pollution, Ship Waste Production, and Liquid Waste Production Aspects
PPP Pondokdadap's significant environmental aspects of Water Pollution, Ship Waste Production, and Liquid Waste Production are related to each other. These aspects are affected by the port development activities (reclamation, dredging, and construction) and routine activities (waste management, loading and discharging, fish marketing and distribution, ship supply, ship maintenance, and management industries). For reclamation, dredging and development activities, basically there have been implementation procedures and work methods applied to minimize the negative impacts on the environment. However, the routine activities have not been running accordingly to the applicable terms and conditions.
According to the data, in 2017, there was an incident of oil waste in the coast around the port reported by the Supervisory Society Group (POKMASWAS). Following up on the findings of incident, inter-agency coordination, involving the Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of East Java Province, the Office of Fisheries of Malang Regency, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Navy Post, Marine Police, Natural Resource Conservation Center, Bhakti Alam Sendangbiru Foundation, and POKMASWAS GOAL, has been undertaken to overcome and avoid such a pollution incident. Socialization of the ban on waste (oil and waste) disposal into the sea to all port stakeholders, especially fishermen is considered the most appropriate for the environmental conditions in PPP Pondokdadap. This socialization is done prior to taking direct actions in the field against fishermen who make violations.
Furthermore, the control function of the port water condition has not been implemented. Similarly, the water pollution in PPP Pondokdadap area has not also been measured due to the unmonitored water quality. Although the establishment of Waterwaste  [19]. In addition to having technical functions, WWTP is also expected to increase the awareness of the surrounding community on the environmental quality [20].
According to the SOSEA method-based condition and discussion of significant environmental aspects of PPP Pondokdadap Malang which is classified as class C fishing port in comparison with the research of significant environmental aspects of PPS Nizam Zahman Jakarta which is classified as class A fishing port, there are two similar significant environmental aspects, namely waste production and water pollution aspects. The significant environmental aspects of PPS Nizam Zahman consist of 1) waste production (Impact Factor Value = 4.96); 2) social interaction (Impact Factor Value = 4.83); and 3) Water Pollution (Impact Factor Value = 4.16) [21]. Therefore, fishing port management with the Eco-Fishing Port concept is absolutely necessary to reduce and eliminate significant environmental aspects in fishing ports [22]. Additionally, the implementation of Eco-Fishing Port concept in the management of fishing ports can reduce the negative impacts of fishing port activities on the environment, maintain environmental balance, as well as improve fishery product quality and export potential [23].
In broad outline, the description of the SOSEA method-based management of significant environmental aspects that must be done by UPT P2SKP Pondokdadap is to implement the related regulations as presented in Table 2, considering that the regulations have a legal basis in the implementation.
Implementation and enforcement of the existing legislation will have a significant effect in reducing the negative impacts generated by port management on the environment. This condition will directly reduce even eliminate significant environmental aspects in PPP Pondokdadap.
Furthermore, solution steps and planned action fulfillment should also be taken to overcome the obstacles emerging in the management of significant environmental aspects as presented in Table 3. These steps can be done in the form of the fulfillment of environmental pollution control facilities and the implementation of socialization and coaching to the port users. Therefore, UPT P2SKP Pondokdadap must prioritize the activities related to the port environmental management. As explained in Table 4, significant environmental aspects can affect the development plans, port conditions, and port users. Thus, continuous monitoring and procedural preparation are highly necessary for the management of significant environmental aspects, which have not been implemented by UPT P2SKP Pondokdadap.

CONCLUSION
The SOSEA analysis conducted in PPP Pondokdadap resulted in 5 (five) significant environmental aspects, namely: waste production, employment absorption, water pollution, ship waste management, and liquid waste production with impact values > 6 (high impact). These five significant aspects must be the priority of PPP Pondokdadap managers in conducting every plan, program, and activity to realize port management with Eco-Fishing Port concept.
In broad outline, waste production is carried out through the monitoring of the cleanliness and orderliness throughout the port operational area, implementation of waste reduction, sorting and management, port user coaching, sanitary or cleanliness facility and infrastructure improvement, and discipline enforcement. Management of the labor absorption aspect is done by empowering the port functions and the community of fishermen for sustainable tourism activities. Meanwhile, management of the aspects of water pollution, ship waste production and liquid waste production is done by continuous port condition monitoring, discipline enforcement, implementation and application of hygiene standards, water quality monitoring, and integrated WWTP operations.